OpenCV文件编译及问题记录。
目前最新OpenCV官网发布最新版为3.4.0（2017年12月23日发布）。
OpenCV库使用方法
下载地址：https://github.com/opencv/opencv/releases/tag/3.4.0
或
https://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/
法一：使用官方提供的已编译好的文件
优点：方便快捷
缺点：版本限制
选择opencv-3.4.0-vc14_vc15.exe，下载完成后可以直接打开解压，即可在自己的项目中直接使用。
具体步骤为：
配置环境变量
打开电脑右键属性-高级系统设置-环境变量，Path中新增：E:\opencv\build\x64\vc14\bin，（此处为解压对应目录）。引入相应头文件、库文件、链接库
打开自己的工程，右键属性-配置属性-VC++目录-包含目录，新增：
E:\opencv\build\include\opencv
E:\opencv\build\include\opencv2
E:\opencv\build\include
库目录，新增：
E:\opencv\build\x64\vc14\lib
（注意修改为你解压对应的目录）。
链接器-输入-附加依赖项，新增：
opencv_world340d.lib
点击确定即可。
至此所有准备工作就绪，可以愉快地编译自己的工程啦。
但想如此一劳永逸解决问题，需符合以下特点：你的VS版本是VC14（2015）或VC15（2017）。
另附几种对应关系：
Microsoft Visual Studio 6.0: VC6.0
Microsoft Visual Studio 2002： VC7.0
Microsoft Visual Studio 2003： VC7.1
Microsoft Visual Studio 2005： VC8.0
Microsoft Visual Studio 2008： VC9.0
Microsoft Visual Studio 2010： VC10.0
Microsoft Visual Studio 2012： VC11.0
Microsoft Visual Studio 2013： VC12.0
Microsoft Visual Studio 2014： VC13.0
Microsoft Visual Studio 2015： VC14.0
Microsoft Visual studio 2017： VC15.0
由于我使用VS2013，因此无法使用该方法。（当然，可以自行下载VS2015的运行库）。
我使用法二。
法二：自行编译
下载源码Source code并解压
下载CMake
下载地址：https://cmake.org/download/
选择相应操作系统版本，例如我选择Windows win64-x64 Installer。安装，打开bin\cmake-gui.exe。
使用CMake
在Where is the source code中选择OpenCV解压目录，如：E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0。
一般可以在解压目录下新建一个build文件夹，用来存放编译生成的文件。
于是，在Where to build the binaries中填入该路径，如：E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build。（也可自行选择路径）
点击Configure，选择所需环境，如：Visual Studio 12 2013。进入漫长的等待。
如果区域有红色出现，需再次点击Configure，直到全部变成白色。
第一次Configure后：1
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102General configuration for OpenCV 3.4.0 =====================================
Version control: unknown
Platform:
Timestamp: 2018-01-29T14:29:24Z
Host: Windows 10.0.16299 AMD64
CMake: 3.10.2
CMake generator: Visual Studio 12 2013
CMake build tool: C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/12.0/bin/MSBuild.exe
MSVC: 1800
CPU/HW features:
Baseline: SSE SSE2
requested: SSE2
Dispatched code generation: SSE4_1 SSE4_2 FP16 AVX
requested: SSE4_1 SSE4_2 AVX FP16 AVX2
SSE4_1 (3 files): + SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4_1
SSE4_2 (1 files): + SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2
FP16 (2 files): + SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 FP16 AVX
AVX (5 files): + SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 AVX
C/C++:
Built as dynamic libs?: YES
C++11: YES
C++ Compiler: C:/software/vs2013/VC/bin/cl.exe (ver 18.0.21005.1)
C++ flags (Release): /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /W4 /GR /EHa /D _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE /D _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE /D _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /Gy /bigobj /Oi /fp:fast /arch:SSE /arch:SSE2 /wd4127 /wd4251 /wd4324 /wd4275 /wd4512 /wd4589 /MP12 /MD /O2 /Ob2 /DNDEBUG /Zi
C++ flags (Debug): /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /W4 /GR /EHa /D _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE /D _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE /D _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /Gy /bigobj /Oi /fp:fast /arch:SSE /arch:SSE2 /wd4127 /wd4251 /wd4324 /wd4275 /wd4512 /wd4589 /MP12 /MDd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1
C Compiler: C:/software/vs2013/VC/bin/cl.exe
C flags (Release): /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /W3 /D _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE /D _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE /D _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /Gy /bigobj /Oi /fp:fast /arch:SSE /arch:SSE2 /MP12 /MD /O2 /Ob2 /DNDEBUG /Zi
C flags (Debug): /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /W3 /D _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE /D _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE /D _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /Gy /bigobj /Oi /fp:fast /arch:SSE /arch:SSE2 /MP12 /MDd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1
Linker flags (Release): /machine:X86 /INCREMENTAL:NO /debug
Linker flags (Debug): /machine:X86 /debug /INCREMENTAL
ccache: NO
Precompiled headers: YES
Extra dependencies:
3rdparty dependencies:
OpenCV modules:
To be built: calib3d core dnn features2d flann highgui imgcodecs imgproc ml objdetect photo python_bindings_generator shape stitching superres ts video videoio videostab
Disabled: js world
Disabled by dependency: -
Unavailable: cudaarithm cudabgsegm cudacodec cudafeatures2d cudafilters cudaimgproc cudalegacy cudaobjdetect cudaoptflow cudastereo cudawarping cudev java python2 python3 viz
Applications: tests perf_tests apps
Documentation: NO
Non-free algorithms: NO
Windows RT support: NO
GUI:
Win32 UI: YES
VTK support: NO
Media I/O:
ZLib: build (ver 1.2.11)
JPEG: build (ver 90)
WEBP: build (ver encoder: 0x020e)
PNG: build (ver 1.6.34)
TIFF: build (ver 42 - 4.0.9)
JPEG 2000: build (ver 1.900.1)
OpenEXR: build (ver 1.7.1)
Video I/O:
Video for Windows: YES
DC1394: NO
FFMPEG: NO
avcodec: NO
avformat: NO
avutil: NO
swscale: NO
avresample: NO
GStreamer: NO
DirectShow: YES
Parallel framework: Concurrency
Trace: YES (with Intel ITT)
Other third-party libraries:
Lapack: NO
Eigen: NO
Custom HAL: NO
NVIDIA CUDA: NO
OpenCL: YES (no extra features)
Include path: E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/3rdparty/include/opencl/1.2
Link libraries: Dynamic load
Python (for build): NO
Java:
ant: NO
JNI: NO
Java wrappers: NO
Java tests: NO
Matlab: NO
Install to: E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/install
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Configuring done
此时可能出现常见问题：1
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11FFMPEG: Download: opencv_ffmpeg.dll
CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVDownload.cmake:190 (message):
FFMPEG: Download failed: 28;"Timeout was reached"
FFMPEG: Download: opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll
CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVDownload.cmake:190 (message):
FFMPEG: Download failed: 28;"Timeout was reached"
IPPICV: Download: ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip
CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVDownload.cmake:190 (message):
IPPICV: Download failed: 28;"Timeout was reached"
总之就是有文件下载不成功。根据CMake的提示，打开build下的CMakeDownloadLog.txt，上面写着：1
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21use_cache "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache"
do_copy "opencv_ffmpeg.dll" "3ae76b105113d944984b2351c61e21c6" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/66b1fed06cf3510235f367f96aa26da5cb234a15/ffmpeg/opencv_ffmpeg.dll" "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ffmpeg"
#missing "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ffmpeg/opencv_ffmpeg.dll"
#check_md5 "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ffmpeg/3ae76b105113d944984b2351c61e21c6-opencv_ffmpeg.dll"
#mismatch_md5 "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ffmpeg/3ae76b105113d944984b2351c61e21c6-opencv_ffmpeg.dll" "299b46e2c4cf8047b0ef420c9a61c6ef"
#delete "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ffmpeg/3ae76b105113d944984b2351c61e21c6-opencv_ffmpeg.dll"
#cmake_download "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ffmpeg/3ae76b105113d944984b2351c61e21c6-opencv_ffmpeg.dll" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/66b1fed06cf3510235f367f96aa26da5cb234a15/ffmpeg/opencv_ffmpeg.dll"
do_copy "opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll" "cf3bb5bc9d393b022ea7a42eb63e794d" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/66b1fed06cf3510235f367f96aa26da5cb234a15/ffmpeg/opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll" "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ffmpeg"
#missing "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ffmpeg/opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll"
#check_md5 "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ffmpeg/cf3bb5bc9d393b022ea7a42eb63e794d-opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll"
#mismatch_md5 "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ffmpeg/cf3bb5bc9d393b022ea7a42eb63e794d-opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll" "3ab964d23e60d2b961737a8bb556bd45"
#delete "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ffmpeg/cf3bb5bc9d393b022ea7a42eb63e794d-opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll"
#cmake_download "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ffmpeg/cf3bb5bc9d393b022ea7a42eb63e794d-opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/66b1fed06cf3510235f367f96aa26da5cb234a15/ffmpeg/opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll"
do_copy "ffmpeg_version.cmake" "ec59008da403fb18ab3c1ed66aed583b" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/66b1fed06cf3510235f367f96aa26da5cb234a15/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_version.cmake" "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ffmpeg"
#check_md5 "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_version.cmake"
#match_md5 "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_version.cmake" "ec59008da403fb18ab3c1ed66aed583b"
do_unpack "ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip" "8a7680ae352c192de2e2e34936164bd0" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/dfe3162c237af211e98b8960018b564bc209261d/ippicv/ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip" "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ippicv"
#check_md5 "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ippicv/8a7680ae352c192de2e2e34936164bd0-ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip"
#mismatch_md5 "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ippicv/8a7680ae352c192de2e2e34936164bd0-ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip" "c7fcfb626b50daa8bd728b7598328455"
#delete "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ippicv/8a7680ae352c192de2e2e34936164bd0-ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip"
#cmake_download "E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/.cache/ippicv/8a7680ae352c192de2e2e34936164bd0-ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/dfe3162c237af211e98b8960018b564bc209261d/ippicv/ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip"可以看到文本中记录了下载链接，于是在浏览器中复制上述链接，自行下载好这几个文件到文本指向的路径中。
比如：我缺的三个文件是：
opencv_ffmpeg.dll，需放到：E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ffmpeg。
下载链接：https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/66b1fed06cf3510235f367f96aa26da5cb234a15/ffmpeg/opencv_ffmpeg.dll
opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll，需放到：E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ffmpeg。
下载链接：
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/66b1fed06cf3510235f367f96aa26da5cb234a15/ffmpeg/opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll
ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip，注意：需在压缩包前加上文件的hash值，即压缩名变为hash值-原名。提供一个在线查看哈希值的网站：http://www.atool.org/file_hash.php ，需要的是MD5 Hash。
需放到：E:/opencv-3.4.0/opencv-3.4.0/build/3rdparty/ippicv。（然而并没有生成ippicv文件夹）
下载链接：
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/dfe3162c237af211e98b8960018b564bc209261d/ippicv/ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip
建议科学上网后下载，不然网速感人。
不过还是不匹配。
根据大佬提示，CMake3.10.2没有downloader.cmake，干脆……不要这三个文件了……
修改E:\opencv-3.4.0\opencv-3.4.0\3rdparty\ffmpeg中的ffmpeg.cmake，如下：1
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38# Binary branch name: ffmpeg/master_20171009
# Binaries were created for OpenCV: 8ac2c5d620b467d3f22802e96c88ddde6da707af
set(FFMPEG_BINARIES_COMMIT "66b1fed06cf3510235f367f96aa26da5cb234a15")
set(FFMPEG_FILE_HASH_BIN32 "3ae76b105113d944984b2351c61e21c6")
set(FFMPEG_FILE_HASH_BIN64 "cf3bb5bc9d393b022ea7a42eb63e794d")
set(FFMPEG_FILE_HASH_CMAKE "ec59008da403fb18ab3c1ed66aed583b")
function(download_win_ffmpeg script_var)
set(${script_var} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
# set(ids BIN32 BIN64 CMAKE)
# set(name_BIN32 "opencv_ffmpeg.dll")
# set(name_BIN64 "opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll")
# set(name_CMAKE "ffmpeg_version.cmake")
# set(FFMPEG_DOWNLOAD_DIR "${OpenCV_BINARY_DIR}/3rdparty/ffmpeg")
# set(status TRUE)
# foreach(id ${ids})
# ocv_download(FILENAME ${name_${id}}
# HASH ${FFMPEG_FILE_HASH_${id}}
# URL
# "$ENV{OPENCV_FFMPEG_URL}"
# "${OPENCV_FFMPEG_URL}"
# "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/${FFMPEG_BINARIES_COMMIT}/ffmpeg/"
# DESTINATION_DIR ${FFMPEG_DOWNLOAD_DIR}
# ID FFMPEG
# RELATIVE_URL
# STATUS res)
# if(NOT res)
# set(status FALSE)
# endif()
# endforeach()
# if(status)
# set(${script_var} "${FFMPEG_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/ffmpeg_version.cmake" PARENT_SCOPE)
# endif()
endfunction()
修改E:\opencv-3.4.0\opencv-3.4.0\3rdparty\ippicv中的ippicv.cmake，如下：1
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56function(download_ippicv root_var)
# set(${root_var} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
# # Commit SHA in the opencv_3rdparty repo
# set(IPPICV_COMMIT "dfe3162c237af211e98b8960018b564bc209261d")
# # Define actual ICV versions
# if(APPLE)
# set(OPENCV_ICV_PLATFORM "macosx")
# set(OPENCV_ICV_PACKAGE_SUBDIR "ippicv_mac")
# if(X86_64)
# set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2017u3_mac_intel64_general_20170822.tgz")
# set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "c1ebb5dfa5b7f54b0c44e1917805a463")
# else()
# set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2017u3_mac_ia32_general_20170822.tgz")
# set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "49b05a669042753ae75895a445ebd612")
# endif()
# elseif((UNIX AND NOT ANDROID) OR (UNIX AND ANDROID_ABI MATCHES "x86"))
# set(OPENCV_ICV_PLATFORM "linux")
# set(OPENCV_ICV_PACKAGE_SUBDIR "ippicv_lnx")
# if(X86_64)
# set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2017u3_lnx_intel64_general_20170822.tgz")
# set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "4e0352ce96473837b1d671ce87f17359")
# else()
# set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2017u3_lnx_ia32_general_20170822.tgz")
# set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "dcdb0ba4b123f240596db1840cd59a76")
# endif()
# elseif(WIN32 AND NOT ARM)
# set(OPENCV_ICV_PLATFORM "windows")
# set(OPENCV_ICV_PACKAGE_SUBDIR "ippicv_win")
# if(X86_64)
# set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2017u3_win_intel64_general_20170822.zip")
# set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "0421e642bc7ad741a2236d3ec4190bdd")
# else()
# set(OPENCV_ICV_NAME "ippicv_2017u3_win_ia32_general_20170822.zip")
# set(OPENCV_ICV_HASH "8a7680ae352c192de2e2e34936164bd0")
# endif()
# else()
# return()
# endif()
# set(THE_ROOT "${OpenCV_BINARY_DIR}/3rdparty/ippicv")
# ocv_download(FILENAME ${OPENCV_ICV_NAME}
# HASH ${OPENCV_ICV_HASH}
# URL
# "${OPENCV_IPPICV_URL}"
# "$ENV{OPENCV_IPPICV_URL}"
# "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/${IPPICV_COMMIT}/ippicv/"
# DESTINATION_DIR "${THE_ROOT}"
# ID IPPICV
# STATUS res
# UNPACK RELATIVE_URL)
# if(res)
# set(${root_var} "${THE_ROOT}/${OPENCV_ICV_PACKAGE_SUBDIR}" PARENT_SCOPE)
# endif()
endfunction()
再重新Configure两次，Generate一次，成功。
用VS2013编译
打开OpenCV.sln编译，debug-Win32调试器。
添加到所需工程
根据法一：
添加环境变量：
E:\opencv-3.4.0\opencv-3.4.0\build\install\x86\vc12\bin
VS包含目录：E:\opencv-3.4.0\opencv-3.4.0\build\install\include
E:\opencv-3.4.0\opencv-3.4.0\build\install\include\opencv
E:\opencv-3.4.0\opencv-3.4.0\build\install\include\opencv2
库目录：
E:\opencv-3.4.0\opencv-3.4.0\build\install\x86\vc12\lib
链接器：
opencv_calib3d340d.lib
opencv_core340d.lib
opencv_dnn340d.lib
opencv_features2d340d.lib
opencv_flann340d.lib
opencv_highgui340d.lib
opencv_imgcodecs340d.lib
opencv_imgproc340d.lib
opencv_ml340d.lib
opencv_objdetect340d.lib
opencv_photo340d.lib
opencv_shape340d.lib
opencv_stitching340d.lib
opencv_superres340d.lib
opencv_video340d.lib
opencv_videoio340d.lib
opencv_videostab340d.lib
测试
比较两张图片的不同之处。1
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27#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
IplImage *pSrc = cvLoadImage("1.jpg", 1);
CvSize size = cvSize(600, 376);//区域大小
cvSetImageROI(pSrc, cvRect(0, 0, size.width, size.height));//设置源图像ROI
IplImage* pDest1 = cvCreateImage(size, pSrc->depth, pSrc->nChannels);//创建目标图像
cvCopy(pSrc, pDest1); //复制图像
cvResetImageROI(pDest1);//源图像用完后，清空ROI
cvSaveImage("Image_1.jpg", pDest1);//保存目标图像
cvSetImageROI(pSrc, cvRect(0, 393, size.width, size.height));//设置源图像ROI
IplImage* pDest2 = cvCreateImage(size, pSrc->depth, pSrc->nChannels);//创建目标图像
cvCopy(pSrc, pDest2); //复制图像
cvResetImageROI(pDest2);//源图像用完后，清空ROI
cvSaveImage("Image_2.jpg", pDest2);//保存目标图像
IplImage *dst;
dst = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(pDest1), pDest1->depth, pDest1->nChannels);
cvAbsDiff(pDest1, pDest2, dst);
cvNamedWindow("Compare_Images", 1);
cvShowImage("Compare_Images", dst);
cvWaitKey();
return 0;
}
以上程序转自http://blog.csdn.net/cooelf/article/details/24663097
可成功编译和运行，到此，基础环境算是磕磕绊绊搭建好了。
